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import requests
import time
import json
import os
import re
import sys
import subprocess
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BS
class ZhiHuClient(object):
"""连接知乎的工具类，维护一个Session
2015.11.11
用法：
client = ZhiHuClient()
# 第一次使用时需要调用此方法登录一次，生成cookie文件
# 以后可以跳过这一步
client.login("username", "password")
# 用这个session进行其他网络操作，详见requests库
session = client.getSession()
"""
TYPE_PHONE_NUM = "phone_num"
TYPE_EMAIL = "email"
loginURL = r"http://www.zhihu.com/login/{0}"
homeURL = r"http://www.zhihu.com"
captchaURL = r"http://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif"
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/537.36",
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Host": "www.zhihu.com",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
}
captchaFile = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "captcha.gif")
cookieFile = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "cookie")
def __init__(self):
os.chdir(sys.path[0])
self.__session = requests.Session()
self.__session.headers = self.headers
self.__cookie = self.__loadCookie()
if self.__cookie:
print("检测到cookie文件，直接使用cookie登录")
self.__session.cookies.update(self.__cookie)
soup = BS(self.open(r"http://www.zhihu.com/").text, "html.parser")
print("已登陆账号： %s" % soup.find("span", class_="name").getText())
else:
print("没有找到cookie文件，请调用login方法登录一次！")
def login(self, username, password):
"""
验证码错误返回：
{'errcode': 1991829, 'r': 1, 'data': {'captcha': '请提交正确的验证码 :('}, 'msg': '请提交正确的验证码 :('}
登录成功返回：
{'r': 0, 'msg': '登陆成功'}
"""
self.__username = username
self.__password = password
self.__loginURL = self.loginURL.format(self.__getUsernameType())
html = self.open(self.homeURL).text
soup = BS(html, "html.parser")
_xsrf = soup.find("input", {"name": "_xsrf"})["value"]
while True:
captcha = self.open(self.captchaURL).content
with open(self.captchaFile, "wb") as output:
output.write(captcha)
print("=" * 50)
print("已打开验证码图片，请识别！")
subprocess.call(self.captchaFile, shell=True)
captcha = input("请输入验证码：")
os.remove(self.captchaFile)
data = {
"_xsrf": _xsrf,
"password": self.__password,
"remember_me": "true",
self.__getUsernameType(): self.__username,
"captcha": captcha
}
res = self.__session.post(self.__loginURL, data=data)
print("=" * 50)
if res.json()["r"] == 0:
print("登录成功")
self.__saveCookie()
break
else:
print("登录失败")
print("错误信息 --->", res.json()["msg"])
def __getUsernameType(self):
"""判断用户名类型
经测试，网页的判断规则是纯数字为phone_num，其他为email
"""
if self.__username.isdigit():
return self.TYPE_PHONE_NUM
return self.TYPE_EMAIL
def __saveCookie(self):
"""cookies 序列化到文件
即把dict对象转化成字符串保存
"""
with open(self.cookieFile, "w") as output:
cookies = self.__session.cookies.get_dict()
json.dump(cookies, output)
print("=" * 50)
print("已在同目录下生成cookie文件：", self.cookieFile)
def __loadCookie(self):
"""读取cookie文件，返回反序列化后的dict对象，没有则返回None"""
if os.path.exists(self.cookieFile):
print("=" * 50)
with open(self.cookieFile, "r") as f:
cookie = json.load(f)
return cookie
return None
def open(self, url, delay=0, timeout=10):
"""打开网页，返回Response对象"""
if delay:
time.sleep(delay)
return self.__session.get(url, timeout=timeout)
def getSession(self):
return self.__session
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = ZhiHuClient()
client.login("username", "password")
session = client.getSession()
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